Indonesia Considers Age-Based Social Media Restrictions for Minors

Read The Diplomat, Know The Asia-Pacific Singapore might consider championing a roadmap of “supported autonomy.” Singapore is considering stronger measures to protect children online, including an age-based tiered approach to social media access for those aged below 18. Under the proposal, children under 13 would be restricted from accessing social media platforms, while those aged between 13 and 17 can continue to have access but with additional safeguards designed to reduce online harms. This move aligns with the global attempt to address this issue, most notably seen in Australia’s pioneering legislation to ban social media access for those under 16. The intention to shield children from cyberbullying, exploitation, scams, harmful content, and addictive platform features is unquestionably laudable. As the regulator has already acknowledged, a complete ban on children’s access to social media is unlikely to be practical. Although an age-based tiered approach may offer a more workable alternative, it nevertheless faces many of the same implementation challenges. Robust age verification remains necessary, while registration through government- issued identity documents would raise significant privacy and cybersecurity concerns. Facial age estimation systems, introduced as a privacy-preserving method, have shown significant reliability issues: some 11-year-olds were incorrectly identified as adults, and users can easily deceive the algorithms. Also, the age gate can be easily bypassed through falsifying one’s date of birth, using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), or accounts created under the identity of their parents or older siblings. Underage users who circumvent age restrictions will lose the existing protections designed for their child account, potentially increasing their exposure to online harms. A social media ban might foster rebellion and isolation without offering a valuable alternative for meaningful social connection. If children spend less time on banned social media and switch to other digital activities, such as streaming or gaming, rather than offline activities, their exposure to harmful content may not decrease but may shift to different platforms. The ban might even risk pushing adolescents toward less-regulated platforms not included in the list, where content moderation is limited. Prohibiting social media access for those below a certain age may inevitably create an unintended “dangerous cliff edge.” When they pass the age restriction, they will still face the same dangers of misinformation, cyberbullying, and harmful content. Without supervised exposure, they will have to enter the digital world unprepared. A ban itself does not teach children how to verify information or how to protect themselves online. The relationship between social media use and adolescents’ mental well-being is more complex than is often assumed. A review of recent large-scale studies has found only a weak link between adolescents’ daily digital technology use and their well-being, with no practically or clinically significant evidence supporting that one causes the other. Another review also noted that the impact of social media on adolescents’ mental health can be context-based and may be shaped by usage patterns. Social media presents both risks and opportunities for adolescents; therefore, a blanket ban will also deprive children of benefits. Social media platforms can be powerful tools for young people to access information, learn new knowledge and skills, and engage in creative activities. They can also help adolescents improve their social connections, express themselves, and support their identity formation. There are mainly three approaches to regulating minors’ use of social media: age-based bans with parental consent (e.g., Australia and Indonesia), platform-based safety obligations (e.g., the United Kingdom and the European Union), and differentiated regulation based on user age, content, and platform risks (e.g., Germany and France). Rather than a tiered ban, Singapore might consider championing a roadmap of “supported autonomy.” A multi-stakeholder long-term model built on media literacy, platform accountability and parental empowerment might be more effective. The government can play a better role in supporting parents and teachers in becoming effective digital guardians and mentors. A further nationwide push for information and media literacy is required – not just for children, but also for parents and educators. At the same time, the government should also hold platforms accountable for building better “kid modes” that are genuinely safe, educational, and attractive. By mandating design safety, platforms can minimize harms while preserving the educational and social benefits of connectivity. This could include restricting direct messaging from strangers, disabling auto-play features for kids’ accounts, and improving the recommendation algorithms to prioritize more beneficial content for the young audience. Platforms should also encourage parents, educators, and children to provide feedback on content moderation and recognize creators who contribute high-quality, age-appropriate content. Also, recognizing “withdrawal symptoms” of social media addiction, the Ministry of Education could partner with schools and community centers to replace screen time with engaging and meaningful offline activities. From arts workshops to volunteering programs, these initiatives can be positioned not merely as screen-time substitutes but as genuinely appealing activities, so that children choose them out of interest rather than obligation. In Singapore, it is not uncommon for parents to hand young children a mobile device in place of their own attention, or in other words, using screens as a digital babysitter. As their children’s most influential mentors, parents cannot outsource that role to a device. They need to build their own awareness of online harms, improve their own digital literacy skills, model healthy screen habits, and carve out more quality screen-free time with their kids. Banning social media use may be the simplest solution, but it is not necessarily the optimal one. Subscribe today and join thousands of diplomats, analysts, policy professionals and business readers who rely on The Diplomat for expert Asia-Pacific coverage. Get unlimited access to in-depth analysis you won't find anywhere else, from South China Sea tensions to ASEAN diplomacy to India-Pakistan relations. More than 5,000 articles a year. Already have an account? Log in. Dr. Xue Zhang is a research fellow at the Centre of Excellence for National Security, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Dr. Qiaolei Jiang is a professor and vice dean at the School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, China. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific.