Caspian Sea Trade Routes at Crossroads Amid Security Concerns and Environmental Issues
Trans-Caspian East-West and North-South transport routes face dual challenges: geopolitical tensions and declining Caspian Sea water levels. Since 2026, military cargo transits between Iran and Russia, and retaliatory attacks by Ukraine and Israel, have highlighted maritime security. Concurrently, falling water levels severely impact infrastructure and transport capacity.
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