Saltwater for Peatland Fire Suppression: Environmental Concerns Arise

The use of saltwater as a fire suppression agent for forest and land fires (Karhutla), particularly in peatlands, is being considered in Indonesia due to freshwater scarcity. Peatlands, with their distinct physical, chemical, and ecological characteristics, are notoriously difficult to extinguish once ignited, with fires often burning underground for weeks or months. While freshwater application has been the preferred method, prolonged droughts have strained resources. Augy Syahailatua, a marine ecology and biodiversity expert from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), acknowledges that saltwater is not an inherently wrong option for emergency situations when freshwater is unavailable. However, he advises caution, stating that excessive saltwater intrusion into peatlands can lead to significant environmental problems. "In extreme emergencies, using saltwater can be a compromise, as long as it is managed and measured," Syahailatua told Mongabay. Indonesia's tropical location results in higher sea salinity compared to countries like the United States or Australia, meaning the impact of saltwater on land and surrounding ecosystems could be substantial. Potential consequences include damage to peatland and other forest ecosystems, or a decline in soil fertility due to salt residue. The recurring issue of peatland fires highlights the urgent need for effective climate change mitigation and environmental conservation strategies in Indonesia, necessitating a balanced approach between immediate fire suppression and long-term environmental sustainability.