Migratory Species' Journeys at Risk: International Agreement Strengthens Protection

Every year, various animal species undertake long journeys across seas, lands, and national borders. Birds fly along seasonal routes, whales traverse oceans, while sharks and fish migrate in search of food or breeding grounds. However, these natural journeys, which have been occurring for thousands of years, are now becoming increasingly perilous. At the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) in Brazil, an agreement was reached to enhance protection for 40 additional migratory species. This list includes birds, terrestrial animals, and aquatic life such as sharks, whales, and fish. With these additions, the CMS now covers approximately 1,200 unique species. Appendix I of the CMS lists migratory species that are endangered in the wild and require strict protection. Meanwhile, Appendix II includes species whose conservation and management require international cooperation. Among the species receiving increased attention are the striped hyena, snowy owl, giant otter, and various species of hammerhead sharks. Coordinated conservation actions are also directed towards the sand tiger shark, whale shark, blue shark, Eastern Pacific tropical sperm whale, several dolphin species, and all species of manta rays and devil rays. Threats to migratory species come from various directions. Habitats where they feed, rest, and breed continue to shrink. Overexploitation, climate change, plastic pollution, underwater noise, illegal hunting, bycatch in fisheries, and marine pollution are accelerating population declines. Deep-sea mining is also a concern. This activity can produce sediment and waste that disrupt navigation, feeding patterns, and prey availability. Contaminated metal particles also have the potential to enter the food chain. Furthermore, infrastructure development can increase habitat damage, noise, and the risk of accidents. Indonesia, with its vast archipelago and rich marine resources, serves as a critical corridor for many migratory species. Protecting these animals is not only vital for Indonesia's biodiversity conservation but also for maintaining global ecological balance.