Astonishing Symbiosis: Indonesian Ants Save Injured Companions

New research from Indonesian scientists reveals that ants possess a remarkable ability to recognize injuries in their colony mates, provide treatment, and in some cases, resort to amputation for survival. This discovery suggests that the behavior of "saving injured comrades," previously thought to be uniquely human, is highly developed within ant societies. Specifically, rescue efforts within ant colonies have been confirmed to significantly increase the survival rate of individuals. One species studied, *Megaponera analis*, is known as a formidable hunter. They carry injured companions back to the nest after intense battles with prey and provide them with attentive care. Healthy ants not only transport their injured comrades but also apply antimicrobial compounds to wounds, preventing the spread of infection. This treatment is crucial for reducing the likelihood of up to 90% of injured ants succumbing to their wounds. The act of licking the wound is also concentrated within the first three hours, playing a role in suppressing infection risk. However, not all species possess antimicrobial compounds. In another species, *Camponotus floridanus*, the rescue measure is more drastic. Experiments involved intentionally injuring an ant's leg. Other ants first lick and clean the wound. Then, they move to the base of the leg and repeatedly bite it, leading to amputation. This amputation occurs approximately 190–290 minutes after the injury and has been shown to improve the survival rate of the injured ant. Interestingly, this amputation is not applied indiscriminately. For minor injuries in the lower part of the leg, cleaning and longer-term care are provided. This indicates that ants possess a sophisticated decision-making ability, recognizing the location of the injury and choosing the optimal response based on the situation. This research sheds new light on the mechanisms of cooperation and sacrifice within ant societies. Their behavior goes beyond mere instinctual responses and can be seen as a part of a sophisticated survival strategy that prioritizes the continuation of the entire colony. Information Source: Mongabay Indonesia