Is Islamic Extremism Rising in Bangladesh?

Two years after the ouster of Sheikh Hasina’s government on August 5, 2024, Bangladesh is witnessing a significant resurgence of Islamist political forces. Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), the country's largest Islamist party, has made a notable return to parliamentary politics, while radical groups are reportedly mobilizing. This shift has escalated concerns about the potential rise of religious extremism, with an increase in attacks against religious minorities observed. During Sheikh Hasina's 15-year tenure, her government was widely seen as a strong deterrent against religious extremism. She implemented strict measures against JI and various radical and jihadist outfits. While her authoritarian approach was criticized by some, it was often viewed as a necessary price to keep extremist movements in check. The collapse of the Awami League government triggered considerable anxiety, particularly in India, which feared its eastern neighbor could become a safe haven for Islamist extremist groups potentially targeting Indian soil. However, whether these developments signify a full-blown "Islamist explosion" in Bangladesh is still a matter of debate. The return of JI highlights its organizational strength and enduring support base among a segment of the population. The extent and impact of radical group mobilization require further scrutiny. The evolving political landscape in Bangladesh and the trajectory of Islamist movements will be closely watched for their implications on regional stability.